IMPORTANT MEASUREMENTS IN INDUSTRY (INSTRUMENTATION)

Explain the following terms and state their applications in industry

• Pressure
• Flow
• Temperature
• Level
• Humidity

Describe the following terms and state their applications in industry

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Viscosity
• Motion
• Level
• Pressure
• Flow

1. Temperature: Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body [object] or an environment measured on a definite scale. Application: It is generally applicable in industry where chemical action are needed because; in the industry processes and products and desired quality that is required to be obtained is only achieved if the temperature is accurately measured. Furthermore, it forms an important governing parameter in the thermodynamics and heat transfer operations like steam, gas, turbines in power generations and also in numerous propulsion systems. In addition, in the heat treatment of steel and aluminium, alloys, temperature measurement is used to obtain the desired shape and quality of the material.
2. Humidity: Humidity can lead to improved quality, optimum product weight and increased machine speed and efficiency of a machine. Application: Flunctuation in air humidity and poor humidification levels can cause serious damages to machinery, escalate injury and leads to a halt in production.
3. Viscosity: is defined as the resistance to flow. Resistance to flow means that the particles can move around, but it may be difficult for them to pass by each other. Viscosity decreases as the fluid is heated and increases as the fluid is cooled. Application: The viscosity of some medication such as the various fluids used to remove warts, has also been modified for easier application.Drug companies manufacture medicines, such as cough syrup, that have a high viscosity yet are still drinkable, in order to coat and soothe the throat.
4. Motion: The way in which things move.
   Application: In the world of mechanics, there are four types of motion. We have rotary, oscillating, linear and reciprocating motion. This motion helps to define the efficiency of production of machine wheels, axle and so on. i.e how effective they could be.
5. Level: This is the amount of place a liquid or substance is allowed to reach or stay in mostly container, or other object which can hold material. Application: Liquid level measurements are made to ascertain the quantity of liquid held in a container or vessel. This liquid affects both the container and the material used upon.
6. Pressure: Pressure means force per unit area exerted by a fluid on the suface of the container. Absolute pressure means the fluid pressure above the reference value of a perfect vacuum or the absolute zero pressure. Application: It is used in reciprocating compressors or engines, its usually used to convert it to displacement by an elastic element and then use one of the electromechanical transducers for an electrical output.
7. Flow: Flow measurement are essentially used for the transportation of slurries, compressed natural gas on pipelines, water and gas supply system to domestic consumers, irrigation systems and a number of industrial process controlled system.