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Short notes on voltage regulation, short and open circuit, transformer efficiency | EEC 213 Electrical machine

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST: The secondary is short-circuited through a suitable ammeter, A2, While a lot voltage is applied to the primary and adjusted to circulate full-load current in the primary and secondary circuit iron losses is negligible and wattmeter reading is that of copper losses in the windings [ iron loss a (flux)² applied voltage which is small about 1/30 of V1]
Constant Losses: The iron loss due to hysteresis and Eddy currents are constant at all loads because Flux variation between no load and full load is 2%-5%
Variable Losses: The copper loss depends on the load since variation of load from no load to full load is 100%.

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